The article authored by Dr. Aleksey Zalesov considers the features of using the “first to invent” rule and the “first to file” rule in the patent issuance system. It is shown that currently all patent systems use the “first to file” rule, which provides the necessary legal certainty, but alienates the figure of the inventor from the exclusive right to invent. The moment when the exclusive right to an invention is established by the patent holder, but not by the author of the invention, is substantiated, and it is shown that the monopoly patent right belongs only to the patent holder, not to the inventor.